Metals which are widely used in many types of industries are usually subjected to fatigue and surface corrosion.There is a demand to detect the surface damage caused by fatigue and corrosion at an early stage to ensure the structural integrity.In this paper, a novel nonlinear ultrasonic technique based on the measure of third-order combined harmoni
The unstable flow of a shaft tubular pump device (STPD) leads to energy loss, thereby reducing its efficiency.The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution pattern of energy loss in STPDs.This paper reveals that the two components with the highest proportion of energy loss are the impeller and the outlet passage.Furthermore, turbulent en
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious animal disease that causes irreparable damage to the economy of countries, including Iran in which this disease is a native one.Among the ways to combat FMD are vaccination and slaughter.Due to the specific situation of Iran, it is not possible to kill infected animals.Therefore, vaccination is the most